Showing posts with label Hedaya. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hedaya. Show all posts

Monday, February 20, 2012

ROPMA

ROPMA

Update 02/20/12: The demise of tafsir.com broke the links to Tafsir Ibn Kathir.  The links have been changed to point to equivalent text at Islam-Universe.Relevant  references to Shari'ah have been added because they confirm the obvious better than anything else can. 

 

So Islam is "a great religion of peace" ? Explain these topic titles from Ibn Kathir's Tafsir. Click them and read their contents.  Why did Allah  command and order Muslims to commit aggression?

So terrorism is haram? Explain these tafsir which explain 8:60 and 8:12!!


    In Tafsir Ibn Kathir, you see the ayat which enjoin offensive warfare and the ahadith which confirm them, but you do not see their practical application.  For that you must turn to Shari'ah: Islamic law which is based on the Qur'an & hadith.

    Reliance of the Traveller is the most well known codification of Shari'ah. It reflects the fiqh of the Shafi'i school of Islamic law.  It is divided into books, each of which bears a letter as its name. Book O codifies the laws related to justice, including the definition, communal obligation & performance of jihad. 

    Reliance defines Jihad as "war against non-Muslims". It is a communal obligation, binding on all eligible male Muslims until a sufficient number have responded to the front.  Jihad must be performed in every year, and it is performed against disbelievers while they are in their own countries, peacefully minding their own affairs.

    The caliph makes war against Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians until they are subjugated and submit to annual extortion payments called jizya.  He fights all other peoples until they become Muslims. 

    That is not my opinion, I did not pull it out of any orifice, it is plain and clear on the face of the text of Reliance of the Traveller, which is certified authentic and accurate by sheikhs of  al-Azhar University at Cairo.  

    Would you like a second opinion? Try Risala, the handbook of fiqh belonging to the Maliki school of Islamic Law.  Risala defines jihad as " a technical term for the Muslim fighting the unbelievers who have no treaty with the intention of elevating the word of Allah or presenting Islam". Muslims must invite disbelievers to Islam. If they reject Islam, they must demand jizya. If  refused, they must wage war. 

    Would you like a third opinion?  Try Hedaya, the handbook of fiqh belonging to the Hanifi school of Islamic Law.  From Hedaya, we learn that jihad must be undertaken at all times by some party of the Muslims.  We learn that "destruction of the sword is incurred by infidels even though they be not the first aggressors".   We also learn that jizya is a punishment for infidelity and a payment in lieu of destruction. 

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Monday, February 21, 2011

White House Shari'ah Rally: What Do They Want?

I learned from a Daily Mail article that three infamous British Muslims have been asked to address a pro Shari'ah rally at the White House March 3, 2011. The event is sponsored by the International Institute of Islamic Thought.   If we had rational and patriotic leaders in power, Anjem Choudary, Abu Izzadeen and Sayful Islam would be denied visas.

    The theme of the rally is supposed to be exhortation to rise up and impose Shari'ah on America. Literally the "path to life giving waters", Shari'ah is a codification of the laws laid down in the Qur'an & hadith. 

    The Sunnis comprise the majority of Muslims and the Shafi'ite school of jurisprudence is the most widely accepted of the Sunni schools. Its handbook of fiqh is Reliance of the Traveller and Guide to the Faithful.

    I have included images from a pdf file scanned from Reliance of the Traveller. Click them to view full sized images. Lest you doubt the authenticity of the text, I included two certifications of authenticity, from al-Azhar & IIIT. 

    Reliance is divided into topical books. Book o treats of "Justice"; chapter 9 treats the law of jihad, beginning with a definition:

09.0 JIHAD
(0: Jihad means to war against non-Muslims,
and is etymologically derived from the word
mujahada, signifying warfare to establish the
religion.[...]


The text cites several verses of the Qur'an and hadith to back that up.  o9.1 discusses the communal obligation of waging war against infidels, which is "meaning upon the Muslims each year"  Islamic law requires a minimum of one military expedition against infidels in every year. 

    O9.8 reveals the practical application of that communal obligation.

o9.8 Thc caliph (025) makes war upon Jews,
Christians, and Zoroastrians (N: provided he has
first invited them to enter Islam in faith and practice,
and if they will not, then invited them to
enter the social order of Islam by paying the nonMuslim
poll tax (jizya, def: 01 L4)-which is the
significance of their paying it, not the money
itself-while remaining in their ancestral religions)
(0: and the war continues) until they
become Muslim or else pay the non-Muslim poll
tax (0: in accordance with the word of Allah Most
High,...


The text continues with the scriptural basis of the ruling, which is 9:29.  Note the similarity of expression used by J.M. Rodwell.

Make war upon such of those to whom the Scriptures have been given as believe not in God, or in the last day, and who forbid not that which God and His Apostle have forbidden, and who profess not the profession of the truth, until they pay tribute out of hand, and they be humbled.


    O9.9 follows up with warfare against pagans.

09.9 The caliph fights all other peoples until
they become Muslim (0: because they are not a
people with a Book, nor honored as such, and are
not permited to settle with paying the poll tax...


Imam Faisal Abdul Rauf and other advocates of Shari'ah won't tell you about those provisions, why not? 

    There are important considerations other than violence. The concept of equality is one of them.  Consider what chapter 24 says about testimony.

024.2 Legal testimony is only acceptable from a
witness who:
(a) is free;
(b) is fully legally responsible (mukallaf, def:
c8.1) (0: as testimony is not accepted from a child
or insane person, even when the child's testimony
regards injuries among ehildren that oeeurred at
play);
(e) is able to speak;
(d) is mentally awake;
(e) is religious (0: meaning upright (024.4)
(A: and Muslim), for Allah Most High says,
"Let those of rectitude among you testify"
(Koran 65:2),
and unbelief is the vilest form of corruption, as
goes without saying);


If you ain't Muslim, you can't be a witness!  Let that sink in for a moment. Read it again.  What do you think about Shari'ah now?  The testimony of a man is worth that of two women.

024.7 The testimony of the following is legally
acceptable when it concerns cases involving property,
or transactions dealing with property, such
as sales:
(1) two men;
(2) two women and a man;
(3) or a male witness together with the oath
of the plaintiff.


Why is the feminist movement silent about this?


    In England and some American states, there is pressure for application of Shari'ah to domestic matters; family disputes.  The laws concerning marriage are laid out in book m.  I will raise one quote from that book, containing a concept which will cause any rational and compassionate person to reject Shari'ah.

GUARDIANS WHO MAY MARRY A VIRGIN
TO A MAN WITHOUT HER CONSENT
m3.13 Guardians are of two types, those who
may compel their female charges to marry someone,
and those who may not.
(1) The only guardians who may compel
their charge to marry are a virgin bride's father or
father's father, compel meaning to marry her to a
suitable match (def: m4) without her consent.
(2) Those who may not compel her are not
entitled to marry her to someone unless she
accepts and gives her permission.
Whenever the bride is a virgin, the father or
father's father may marry her to someone without
her permission, though it is recommended to ask
her permission if she has reached puberty. A virgin's
silence is considered as permission.
As for the nonvirgin of sound mind, no one
may marry her to another after she has reached
puberty without her express permission, no matter
whether the guardian is the father, father's
father, or someone else.


Let that sink in for a moment.  Read it again. Do you want Shari'ah to be applied here?  Why/why not??

    Divorce is one of the more important family law matters. Under Shari'ah, a husband need only declare divorce three times to give it legal effect.

n1.3 The person conducting the divorce may
effect it himself or commission another (def:
k17.5-6) to do so, even if the person commissioned
is a woman.
The person commissioned may effect the
divorce at any time (0: provided the one who
commissions him does not cancel the commission
before the divorce takes place (dis: k17.16»,
though when a husband tells his wife. "Divorce
yourself," then if she immediately says, "I divorce
myself," she is divorced, but if she delays, she is
not divorced unless the husband has said, "Divorce
yourself whenever you wish."

n2.1 A free man has three pronouncements of
divorce (0: because of the word of Allah Most
High,
"Divorce is two times, then retain with kindness
or graciously release" (Koran 2:229),
and when the Prophet (Allah bless him and give
him peace) was asked about the third time, he
said,
"It is Allah's having said, 'or graciously
release' ").


    I have furnished links to the pdf file containing Reliance. The images below are screen shots taken from that file. Click them to view full sized images. You don't need to take my word for the facts, I make it easy for you to verify what I write. 

Certificate of authenticity from IIIT.
Certificate of authenticity from al*Azhar U.
Certificate of authenticity from IIIT 
Certificate of authenticity from al-Azhar University
o9.0 defines jihad. o9.1 describes the communal obligation to attack disbeleivers.
o9.0 Defines jihad.
o9.1 Describes the obligation of annual attacks on disbelievers.
o9.8 confirms war on Jews & Christians.
The caliph fights all other peoples...
o9.8 "The caliph makes war on Jews, Christians...
o9.9 ...fights all other peoples...
o24 details who can serve as a witness.
It takes two women to match one man's testimony.
Christians can't testify in court.
Woman's witness: half weight.
More on testimony.
Compulsory juvenile marriage.
Further details on testimony.
A father may force his pre-pubescent daughter to wed.
Partial contents of the book on divorce.
Divorce: contents.
Book N: Divorce: contents
Book N: Divorce: contents
N2.2 Divorce
N2.2 Divorce

    Reliance is not the only handbook of Islamic law, though it is the most popular. Others are generally less detailed in some matters. Al-Hedaya is not as easy to read but it explains the differences between Shafi'ite and Hanifi fiqh. 

    For the Maliki fiqh on jihad, turn to chapter 30 of Risala, which offers less detail than Reliance.  The Hanifi fiqh of jihad is in  al-Hedaya, Vol. II, Book IX, Chapter 1.

    The fiqh of wudu & prayer tends to be arcane, nonsensical and harmless to us. But the Islamic law regarding war is totally unacceptable, as is the inequality of women and religious minorities.  The concepts of arbitrary divorce & forced marriage are so repugnant as to compel vigorous objection to imposition of Shari'ah. 

    Let us therefore rise up as one with a loud voice shouting HELL NO!!! to those who demand imposition of Islamic law.  Let us support the state legislation designed to ban it and make demands for national legislation to prevent the imposition of Shari'ah in the federal courts. 

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My Favorite Speeches and Other Items of Interest

  • George Bush's March 28, 2007 Discusses Economy, War on Terror During Remarks to the National Cattlemen's Beef Association;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/03/20070328-2.html
  • Mitch McConnell's March 15, 2007 Funding For Troops, Not Timelines for Retreat; http://mcconnell.senate.gov/record.cfm?id=270747&start=1
  • Ronald Reagan's June 12, 1987 Tear Down This Wall Speech; http://www.reaganfoundation.org/reagan/speeches/wall.asp
  • Vice President Cheney's March 12, 2007 Remarks at the AIPAC 2007 Policy Conference; http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/03/20070312.html

Winston Churchill Quotes

  • A prisoner of war is a man who tries to kill you and fails, and then asks you not to kill him.
  • Although personally I am quite content with existing explosives, I feel we must not stand in the path of improvement.
  • Although prepared for martyrdom, I preferred that it be postponed.
  • Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.
  • Battles are won by slaughter and maneuver. The greater the general, the more he contributes in maneuver, the less he demands in slaughter.
  • Danger - if you meet it promptly and without flinching - you will reduce the danger by half. Never run away from anything. Never!
  • I always seem to get inspiration and renewed vitality by contact with this great novel land of yours which sticks up out of the Atlantic.
  • I am an optimist. It does not seem too much use being anything else.
  • I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.
  • I like a man who grins when he fights.
  • I was only the servant of my country and had I, at any moment, failed to express her unflinching resolve to fight and conquer, I should at once have been rightly cast aside.
  • If you have an important point to make, don't try to be subtle or clever. Use a pile driver. Hit the point once. Then come back and hit it again. Then hit it a third time-a tremendous whack.
  • In war as in life, it is often necessary when some cherished scheme has failed, to take up the best alternative open, and if so, it is folly not to work for it with all your might.
  • It is no use saying, 'We are doing our best.' You have got to succeed in doing what is necessary.
  • Moral of the Work. In war: resolution. In defeat: defiance. In victory: magnanimity. In peace: goodwill.
  • Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.
  • Never, never, never give up.
  • No folly is more costly than the folly of intolerant idealism.
  • One ought never to turn one's back on a threatened danger and try to run away from it. If you do that, you will double the danger. But if you meet it promptly and without flinching, you will reduce the danger by half. Never run away from anything. Never!
  • Socialism is a philosophy of failure, the creed of ignorance, and the gospel of envy, its inherent virtue is the equal sharing of misery.
  • Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.
  • The first quality that is needed is audacity.
  • The nose of the bulldog has been slanted backwards so that he can breathe without letting go.
  • The truth is incontrovertible, malice may attack it, ignorance may deride it, but in the end; there it is.
  • There is no such thing as public opinion. There is only published opinion.
  • These are not dark days: these are great days - the greatest days our country has ever lived.
  • They are decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, adamant for drift, solid for fluidity, all-powerful to be impotent.
  • True genius resides in the capacity for evaluation of uncertain, hazardous, and conflicting information.
  • Victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival.
  • War is a game that is played with a smile. If you can't smile, grin. If you can't grin, keep out of the way till you can.
  • War is mainly a catalogue of blunders.
  • We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.
  • We shall draw from the heart of suffering itself the means of inspiration and survival.
  • When the eagles are silent the parrots begin to jabber.
  • When you are winning a war almost everything that happens can be claimed to be right and wise.
  • You have enemies? Good. That means you've stood up for something, sometime in your life.

Ronald Reagan Quotes

  • "The trouble with our liberal friends is not that they're ignorant: It's just that they know so much that isn't so."
  • Above all, we must realize that no arsenal, or no weapon in the arsenals of the world, is so formidable as the will and moral courage of free men and women. It is a weapon our adversaries in today's world do not have.
  • All the waste in a year from a nuclear power plant can be stored under a desk.
  • Approximately 80% of our air pollution stems from hydrocarbons released by vegetation, so let's not go overboard in setting and enforcing tough emission standards from man-made sources
  • Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!
  • Concentrated power has always been the enemy of liberty.
  • Double, no triple, our troubles and we'd still be better off than any other people on earth. It is time that we recognized that ours was, in truth, a noble cause.
  • Facts are stupid things.
  • Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didn't pass it to our children in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and handed on for them to do the same.
  • Freedom prospers when religion is vibrant and the rule of law under God is acknowledged.
  • Government exists to protect us from each other. Where government has gone beyond its limits is in deciding to protect us from ourselves.
  • Governments tend not to solve problems, only to rearrange them.
  • History teaches that war begins when governments believe the price of aggression is cheap.
  • How can a president not be an actor?
  • How do you tell a communist? Well, it's someone who reads Marx and Lenin. And how do you tell an anti-Communist? It's someone who understands Marx and Lenin.
  • I have wondered at times what the Ten Commandments would have looked like if Moses had run them through the US Congress.
  • I will stand on, and continue to use, the figures I have used, because I believe they are correct. Now, I'm not going to deny that you don't now and then slip up on something; no one bats a thousand.
  • In Israel, free men and women are every day demonstrating the power of courage and faith. Back in 1948 when Israel was founded, pundits claimed the new country could never survive. Today, no one questions that. Israel is a land of stability and democracy in a region of tryanny and unrest.
  • Let us ask ourselves; "What kind of people do we think we are?".
  • Man is not free unless government is limited.
  • My philosophy of life is that if we make up our mind what we are going to make of our lives, then work hard toward that goal, we never lose - somehow we win out.
  • No mother would ever willingly sacrifice her sons for territorial gain, for economic advantage, for ideology.
  • Of the four wars in my lifetime, none came about because the U.S. was too strong.
  • Our forbearance should never be misunderstood. Our reluctance for conflict should not be misjudged as a failure of will. When action is required to preserve our national security, we will act.
  • Protecting the rights of even the least individual among us is basically the only excuse the government has for even existing.
  • Some people wonder all their lives if they've made a difference. The Marines don't have that problem.
  • The ultimate determinant in the struggle now going on for the world will not be bombs and rockets but a test of wills and ideas - a trial of spiritual resolve: the values we hold, the beliefs we cherish and the ideals to which we are dedicated.
  • The United Sates has much to offer the third world war.
  • There are no easy answers' but there are simple answers. We must have the courage to do what we know is morally right.
  • To paraphrase Winston Churchill, I did not take the oath I have just taken with the intention of presiding over the dissolution of the world's strongest economy.
  • Today we did what we had to do. They counted on America to be passive. They counted wrong.
  • We are never defeated unless we give up on God.
  • We have the duty to protect the life of an unborn child.
  • We must reject the idea that every time a law's broken, society is guilty rather than the lawbreaker. It is time to restore the American precept that each individual is accountable for his actions.
  • We will always remember. We will always be proud. We will always be prepared, so we will always be free.
  • Within the covers of the Bible are the answers for all the problems men face.
  • You know, if I listened to Michael Dukakis long enough, I would be convinced we're in an economic downturn and people are homeless and going without food and medical attention and that we've got to do something about the unemployed.

Eleanor Roosevelt Quotes

  • No one can make you feel inferior without your consent

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